Odysseus的回家之路，也是一連串的奇幻之旅。《奧德賽》第九卷第39-104行最先提到兩個景點: Cicones和The Libyan Lotophagi (我的翻譯: 食蓮族)。到了Cicones，他們本攻破城市，擄獲許多財物，Odysseus要大家見好就收，快點離開，但是大家不肯，一直逗留開懷暢飲，Cicones召集更多族人攻打Odysseus手下的人，Odysseus一行人落荒而逃，每一艘船都死了六個同伴。
在海上漂流多日，第九天還在對抗頑強的風，在大海中載乘載浮，這裡用一個形容詞修飾地中海: 有滿滿魚的(ἰχθυόεις:
full of fish, fishy)。第十天接觸到陸地，就是食蓮島，這裡的人都吃花，這花是Lotus，一般翻譯成蓮花，不過希臘文的λωτός有很多可能。Odysseus一行人登島取淨水，在船隻旁吃飽。這次他們比較謹慎，Odysseus派兩名人員，加上一名傳令官到島上打聽消息，食蓮族的人不會想要殺害他們，只是請他們吃蓮花，這花吃了，就會想留在食蓮島，完全忘記回家鄉。Odysseus怕其他人也吃這花，忘了家鄉，命令大家迅速離開。這個典故也說明古希臘的λωτός和遺忘(λανθάνω，escape notice)總是連結一起。
傳說中，食蓮族住在北非附近的島，可能是Djerba，島上的蓮花和其它花朵具有麻醉藥效(narcotic)，吃了會安眠與鎮靜。再一次強調，很多學者認為這裡的λωτός絕對不是埃及睡蓮(Egyptian Lotus)，食蓮族應該是吃下不少種不同具有鎮靜與安眠的植物，鎮日昏昏沉沉。所以Odysseus是對的，要他的船員快離開這裡，染上這些「毒癮」就沒救了。
字彙:
ἐννῆμαρ:
for nine days
ὀλοός:
destructive, deadly
ἄνεμος:
wind
ἰχθυόεις:
full of fish, fishy
δέκατος:
tenth
Λωτοφάγοι:
Lotus-eaters
ἀνθινός:
like flowers, blooming
εἶδαρ:
food
ὄλεθρος:
ruin, destruction, death
λωτός: Nile
water-lily, Egyptian lotus, Nymphaea
Lotus
ἔνθεν δ᾽ ἐννῆμαρ φερόμην ὀλοοῖς ἀνέμοισιν
πόντον ἐπ᾽ ἰχθυόεντα: ἀτὰρ δεκάτῃ
ἐπέβημεν
γαίης Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ᾽ ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσιν.
ἔνθα δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἠπείρου βῆμεν καὶ ἀφυσσάμεθ᾽
ὕδωρ,
αἶψα δὲ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο θοῇς παρὰ
νηυσὶν ἑταῖροι.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σίτοιό τ᾽ ἐπασσάμεθ᾽ ἠδὲ
ποτῆτος,
δὴ τοτ᾽ ἐγὼν ἑτάρους προΐειν
πεύθεσθαι ἰόντας,
οἵ τινες ἀνέρες εἶεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ σῖτον
ἔδοντες
ἄνδρε δύω κρίνας, τρίτατον κήρυχ᾽
ἅμ᾽ ὀπάσσας.
οἱ δ᾽ αἶψ᾽ οἰχόμενοι μίγεν ἀνδράσι
Λωτοφάγοισιν:
οὐδ᾽ ἄρα Λωτοφάγοι μήδονθ᾽ ἑτάροισιν
ὄλεθρον
ἡμετέροις, ἀλλά σφι δόσαν λωτοῖο πάσασθαι.
τῶν δ᾽ ὅς τις λωτοῖο
φάγοι μελιηδέα καρπόν,
οὐκέτ᾽ ἀπαγγεῖλαι πάλιν ἤθελεν οὐδὲ
νέεσθαι,
ἀλλ᾽ αὐτοῦ βούλοντο μετ᾽ ἀνδράσι
Λωτοφάγοισι
λωτὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι μενέμεν νόστου
τε λαθέσθαι.
τοὺς μὲν ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νῆας ἄγον
κλαίοντας ἀνάγκῃ,
νηυσὶ δ᾽ ἐνὶ γλαφυρῇσιν ὑπὸ ζυγὰ
δῆσα ἐρύσσας.
αὐτὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους κελόμην ἐρίηρας
ἑταίρους
σπερχομένους νηῶν ἐπιβαινέμεν ὠκειάων,
μή πώς τις λωτοῖο φαγὼν νόστοιο
λάθηται.
οἱ δ᾽ αἶψ᾽ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῖσι
καθῖζον,
ἑξῆς δ᾽ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα
τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς.
Nine days fierce winds drove me away from
there,
across the fish-filled seas, and on the tenth
we landed where the Lotus-eaters live,
across the fish-filled seas, and on the tenth
we landed where the Lotus-eaters live,
people who feed upon its flowering fruit.
We went ashore and carried water back.
Then my companions quickly had a meal
by our swift ships. We had our food and drink,
and then I sent some of my comrades out
to learn about the men who ate the food
the land grew there. I chose two of my men
and with them sent a third as messenger.
They left at once and met the Lotus-eaters,
who had no thought of killing my companions,
but gave them lotus plants to eat, whose fruit,
sweet as honey, made any man who tried it
lose his desire ever to journey home
or bring back word to us—they wished to stay,
to remain among the Lotus-eaters,
feeding on the plant, eager to forget
about their homeward voyage. I forced them,
eyes full of tears, into our hollow ships,
dragged them underneath the rowing benches,
and tied them up. Then I issued orders
for my other trusty comrades to embark
and sail away with speed in our fast ships,
in case another man might eat a lotus
and lose all thoughts about his journey back.
They raced on board, went to their places,
and, sitting in good order in their rows,
struck the grey sea with their oar blades.
We went ashore and carried water back.
Then my companions quickly had a meal
by our swift ships. We had our food and drink,
and then I sent some of my comrades out
to learn about the men who ate the food
the land grew there. I chose two of my men
and with them sent a third as messenger.
They left at once and met the Lotus-eaters,
who had no thought of killing my companions,
but gave them lotus plants to eat, whose fruit,
sweet as honey, made any man who tried it
lose his desire ever to journey home
or bring back word to us—they wished to stay,
to remain among the Lotus-eaters,
feeding on the plant, eager to forget
about their homeward voyage. I forced them,
eyes full of tears, into our hollow ships,
dragged them underneath the rowing benches,
and tied them up. Then I issued orders
for my other trusty comrades to embark
and sail away with speed in our fast ships,
in case another man might eat a lotus
and lose all thoughts about his journey back.
They raced on board, went to their places,
and, sitting in good order in their rows,
struck the grey sea with their oar blades.
下面圖片與資料出處: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicones
The Cicones, Ciconians or Kikonians, (Greek: Κίκονες) were a Homeric Thracian tribe, whose stronghold in the time of Odysseus
was the town of Ismara (or Ismarus), located at the foot of mount Ismara, on
the south coast of Thrace (modern Greece). They are mentioned in book two of
the Iliad as having joined the war on the side of the Trojans, led by Euphemos.
In book nine of the Odyssey written by Homer, Odysseus and his men take Ismara
by surprise and slay most of the Ciconian men they come across, taking Ciconian
women as slaves. Later Ciconian reinforcements arrive and attack the invading
Achaeans, killing so many of them that Odysseus and his men are forced to flee
in their ships. Six men of each of Odysseus' ships
were killed.
下面圖片與資料出處: http://www.huntsearch.gla.ac.uk/cgi-bin/foxweb/huntsearch/DetailedResults.fwx?collection=art&searchTerm=14209
"Ulysses Fighting the Cicones" (etching
and engraving)
CRE THULDEN, Theodor van; (Flemish; 1606-1669)
AFTER PRIMATICCIO, Francesco; (Italian; 1504-1570) PUB TAVERNIER, Melchior;
(Belgian; 1564?-1641)
Materials: printed in black
Dimensions: 19.8 x 25.6 (note Hollstein has 25.0)
Marks: "4 T v T"
References: 42 HOLLSTEIN, F. W. H. 1949 Dutch and
Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts ca. 1450-1700, Amsterdam, 1949-
Notes: Contained within volume, see Title page,
GLAHA 14201, for details. Od. Bk IX, ll 39 - 61.
下面圖片與資料出處: http://itssxb36.deviantart.com/art/The-Odyssey-Map-83042335
λωτοφάγοι
Lotus-eaters
|
The Libyan Lotophagi
(λωτοφάγοι Lotus-eaters) lives on the lotus fruit (Htd. 4.177)
_______________
ἀκτὴν δὲ προέχουσαν ἐς
τὸν πόντον τούτων τῶν Γινδάνων νέμονται Λωτοφάγοι, οἳ τὸν καρπὸν μοῦνον τοῦ
λωτοῦ τρώγοντες ζώουσι. ὁ δὲ τοῦ λωτοῦ καρπὸς ἐστὶ μέγαθος ὅσον τε τῆς
σχίνου, γλυκύτητα δὲ τοῦ φοίνικος τῷ καρπῷ προσείκελος. ποιεῦνται δὲ ἐκ τοῦ
καρποῦ τούτου οἱ Λωτοφάγοι καὶ οἶνον.
There is a headland
jutting out into the sea from the land of the Gindanes; on it live the Lotus
Eaters, whose only fare is the lotus.1 The lotus fruit is the size of a
mastich-berry: it has a sweet taste like the fruit of a date-palm; the Lotus
Eaters not only eat it, but make wine of it.
p.s. The fruit of
the Rhamnus Lotus, which grows in this part of Africa, is said to be eatable,
but not so delicious as to justify its Homeric epithet “honey-sweet.”
_______________
Lotus-eaters, a
mythical people on the coast of North Africa, Od.9.84, Hdt.4.177, cf.
X.An.3.2.25, Scyl.22, Plb.1.39.2:—their country was perh. called Λωτοφα^γία ,
ἡ, Thphr.HP4.3.2 (dub.l.): hence Adj. fem. Λωτοφα^γῖτις “Σύρτις” Str.
17.3.17.
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