Iliad 19:145-237

主題: 先讓大家吃飯吧!

Iliad 19: 145-237



Achilles因為生氣，不肯出戰，此刻又因為Patroclus之死憤怒，急著打倒Hector和特洛伊人。他其實不是很在乎Agamemnon的賠禮，但是，他似乎也沒考慮其他人的情況。

此時，Odysseus出面，講得太好了! 大家得先吃飽，才有力氣去打仗，接下來一整天都不能吃東西，他們會沒力氣啊! 做為領導階級，不應該只顧自己的目標或業績，不顧底下做事的芸芸眾生，絕對不可以讓大家餓著或是口渴 (δίψα: thirst; λιμός hunger, famine)。Odysseus確實是足智多謀又務實的人才，他這番話可以提供給現代很多主管級人物參考，體恤手下，他們會做的更好，留心觀察一下，員工們是不是為了加班或是趕工做，沒吃飯喝水，或是三餐不正常?

希臘文本引用出處: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0133%3Abook%3D19%3Acard%3D154 ἀλλὰ πάσασθαι ἄνωχθι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιοὺς σίτου καὶ οἴνοιο: τὸ γὰρ μένος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀλκή. οὐ γὰρ ἀνὴρ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα ἄκμηνος σίτοιο δυνήσεται ἄντα μάχεσθαι: εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται, ἠδὲ κιχάνει δίψά τε καὶ λιμός, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ᾽ ἰόντι. ὃς δέ κ᾽ ἀνὴρ οἴνοιο κορεσσάμενος καὶ ἐδωδῆς ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι πανημέριος πολεμίζῃ, θαρσαλέον νύ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, οὐδέ τι γυῖα πρὶν κάμνει πρὶν πάντας ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο. (Iliad 160-171). http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/homer/iliad19.htm No. Instruct Achaeans to have some food and wine by their swift ships.      For they give strength and courage. No soldier can fight the enemy all day till sunset without some food. However fierce his heart may be for battle, his limbs grow heavy without his knowledge. Once thirst and hunger overtake him, his knees get tired as he moves. But the man who’s had sufficient food and wine fights all day long against his enemies with a courageous heart. His limbs don’t tire until all warriors have left the battle.          So dismiss your men. Tell them to make a meal.

Iliad 19: 1-39

主題: 穿上新戰袍

Iliad 19: 1-39

《伊利亞特》第十九卷將要上演Achilles和Agamemnon大和解。首先，出場的是Thetis拿來新的戰袍給Achilles 穿上，因為Achilles擔心Patroclus的屍體腐爛，Thetis拿出神仙用的瓊漿和神液(ambrosia and nectar)，滴在Patroclus的身體，就不會腐壞 (Iliad 18:37-39)。

當大家看到這件新戰袍時，都嚇得驚慌，趕緊把目光移開。唯獨Achilles不但不怕，眼睛直視，怒氣灌滿全神，眼睛也在噴火。一般人都只看到Achilles神勇的一面，但是，他的人性表露無遺，恨之入骨，全身上下每個細胞都一起生氣，可悲的是，他以為除了殺敵人，沒有任何方法滅心中的怒火；事實上，這一把怒火，即使Hector死了也滅不掉!

Thetis and attendants bring armor she had prepared for him to Achilles, an Attic black-figure hydria, c. 575–550 BC, Louvre. 

希臘文本引用出處: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0133%3Abook%3D19%3Acard%3D1 ὡς ἄρα φωνήσασα θεὰ κατὰ τεύχε᾽ ἔθηκε πρόσθεν Ἀχιλλῆος: τὰ δ᾽ ἀνέβραχε δαίδαλα πάντα. Μυρμιδόνας δ᾽ ἄρα πάντας ἕλε τρόμος, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη ἄντην εἰσιδέειν, ἀλλ᾽ ἔτρεσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς ὡς εἶδ᾽, ὥς μιν μᾶλλον ἔδυ χόλος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑπὸ βλεφάρων ὡς εἰ σέλας ἐξεφάανθεν: τέρπετο δ᾽ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔχων θεοῦ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσι τετάρπετο δαίδαλα λεύσσων αὐτίκα μητέρα ἣν ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα: ‘μῆτερ ἐμὴ τὰ μὲν ὅπλα θεὸς πόρεν οἷ᾽ ἐπιεικὲς ἔργ᾽ ἔμεν ἀθανάτων, μὴ δὲ βροτὸν ἄνδρα τελέσσαι. νῦν δ᾽ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ θωρήξομαι: ἀλλὰ μάλ᾽ αἰνῶς δείδω μή μοι τόφρα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν μυῖαι καδδῦσαι κατὰ χαλκοτύπους ὠτειλὰς εὐλὰς ἐγγείνωνται, ἀεικίσσωσι δὲ νεκρόν, ἐκ δ᾽ αἰὼν πέφαται, κατὰ δὲ χρόα πάντα σαπήῃ. (Iliad 19: 12-27) With these words, the goddess set the armour down before Achilles. The wonderfully crafted metal rang out loudly. Fear gripped all the Myrmidons. Not one of them dared look directly at those weapons. They shrank away. But when Achilles saw them, his anger grew. His eyes glared underneath his eyelids, like a fire— a terrifying light. But as his hands went over          the god’s priceless gifts, he felt great joy. He gazed at them, filling his heart with pleasure at the rich designs. Then he spoke to his mother—his words had wings:    “Mother, this armour the god has given me is a work fit for the immortals, something no living human could create. So now, I’ll arm myself for war. In the meantime, I have a dreadful fear that flies may burrow into those wounds carved by the slicing bronze in the body of Menoetius’ noble son.       They may breed worms in him, defile his corpse, now that the life in him is gone. If so, all his flesh will fester.”