http://etwonderland.blogspot.tw/2014/06/odyssey-20-345-394.html
ἆ δειλοί, τί κακὸν τόδε πάσχετε; νυκτὶ μὲν ὑμέων
εἰλύαται κεφαλαί τε πρόσωπά τε νέρθε τε γοῦνα.
οἰμωγὴ δὲ δέδηε, δεδάκρυνται δὲ παρειαί,
αἵματι δ᾽ ἐρράδαται τοῖχοι καλαί τε μεσόδμαι:
εἰδώλων δὲ πλέον πρόθυρον, πλείη δὲ καὶ αὐλή,
ἱεμένων Ἔρεβόσδε ὑπὸ ζόφον: ἠέλιος δὲ
οὐρανοῦ ἐξαπόλωλε, κακὴ δ᾽ ἐπιδέδρομεν ἀχλύς.
(Odyssey 20. 352-357)
“O you miserable men, what troubles
are you suffering now? Your heads, your faces,
your lower limbs are shrouded in the night.
You’re on fire with grief, faces wet with tears,
fine pedestals and walls have gobs of blood,
the porch is full of ghosts, so is the yard—
ghosts rushing in the dark to Erebus.
Up in the sky the sun has disappeared—
an evil mist is covering everything.
被標示出的文字是356-357行 ἠέλιος δὲ οὐρανοῦ ἐξαπόλωλε, κακὴ δ᾽ ἐπιδέδρομεν ἀχλύς (Up in the sky the sun has disappeared—an evil mist is covering everything).....太陽不見了!
2008年National Geographic出了一篇文章，引起不少關注，也有不少中文媒體轉報導相似訊息:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/06/080623-homer-eclipse.html?hc_location=ufi
Scientific American也有報導
《奧德賽》史詩描述3千年前日蝕現象
http://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/sci.ce.cn/funny/03/200806/26/t20080626_15965644.shtml?hc_location=ufi
http://www.uux.cn/viewnews-35584.html
其他轉載與報導:
重新找回Marcelo Magnasco 發表的論文
Is an eclipse described in the Odyssey?
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2008/06/23/0803317105.abstract
可以聽聽訪談:
Big Think Interview With Marcelo Magnasco
2008年National Geographic出了一篇文章，引起不少關注，也有不少中文媒體轉報導相似訊息:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/06/080623-homer-eclipse.html?hc_location=ufi
Ancient Eclipse Found in "The Odyssey," Scientists Say
Richard A. Lovett
for National Geographic News
June 23, 2008
"The sun has perished out of heaven, and an evil mist has overspread the world."
With those words in The Odyssey, Homer laid down not a prophecy of doom but a description of a real-world total solar eclipse, scientific sleuths announced today.
It has been known for decades that there was only one such eclipse during the time period Homer wrote about in the ancient Greek poem—on April 16, 1178 B.C. The blackout even occurred at noon, as described in the epic poem.
But without additional evidence, the idea that Homer's passage describes an eclipse has been pooh-poohed by Homeric scholars.
Now scientists have looked into additional astronomical descriptions in The Odyssey and found them to be consistent with that date for the noontime darkness.
The references relate to moon phases and positions of constellations and planets—phenomena that rarely occur in the sequence described in Homer's work—physicist Marcelo Magnasco said by email. Magnasco co-authored the new study with fellow Rockefeller University scholar Constantino Baikouzis, an astronomer.
The scientists used astronomical software to simulate the Greek skies, night by night, over a 135-year period surrounding the eclipse.
Even without using the eclipse itself in their calculations, the researchers found only one date for the noontime darkness: April 16, 1178 B.C.
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Scientific American也有報導
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/homers-odyssey-may-document-eclipse/
Researchers say that references to planets and constellations in the Odyssey describe asolar eclipse that occurred in 1178 B.C., nearly three centuries before Homer is believed to have written the story. If correct, the finding would suggest that the ancient poet had a surprisingly detailed knowledge of astronomy.
The Odyssey, commonly dated to near 800 B.C., describes the 10-year voyage of the Greek general Odysseus to his home on the island of Ithaca after the fall of Troy in approximately 1200 B.C. Toward the end of the story, a seer named Theoclymenus prophecies the death of a group of suitors competing for the affection of Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, who is believed to be dead. Theoclymenus delivers his prophecy as the suitors are sitting down for their noontime meal. He foresees them entering Hades and ends his speech with the statement, "The Sun has been obliterated from the sky, and an unlucky darkness invades the world." Odysseus dispatches the suitors not long thereafter.
Greek scholars Plutarch and Heraclitus advanced the idea that Theoclymenus's speech was a poetic description of an eclipse. They cited references in the story that the day of the prophecy was a new moon, which would be true of an eclipse. In the 1920s researchers speculated that Homer might have had a real eclipse in mind, after calculating that a total solar eclipse (in which the moon blocks out the sun) would have been visible on April 16, 1178 B.C. over the Ionian Islands, where Homer's poem was set. The idea languished, however, because the first writings on Greek astronomydid not come until centuries later.
Inspired by an incorrect reference to Homer's alleged eclipse in an astronomy textbook, biophysicists Constantino Baikouzis and Marcelo Magnasco, both at the Rockefeller University, pored over the Odyssey for additional clues. Sailing back to Ithaca on a raft, Odysseus navigates by monitoring the constellations Pleiades and Bootes, which share the sky twice a year in March and September. The morning he arrives in Ithaca, Venus rises in the sky before dawn, which happens on about one third of new moons. But the crucial clue came from a reference to the god Hermes flying west to the island of Ogygia. The researchers propose the god's voyage actually refers to the planet Mercury, which hangs low in the sky and reverses course from west to east every 116 days.
Baikouzis and Magnasco used commercial astronomical software to scan all 1,684 new moons between the years 1250 and 1125 B.C. for dates that matched those conditions. "Even though each event happens individually often, the pattern doesn't repeat that often," Magnasco says—only once every 2,000 years, he and Baikouzis report inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. And one of those matches is April 16, 1178 B.C. Magnasco says that he had a hunch about Hermes, known as Mercury to the Romans, after coming across the idea that the Greeks used the stories of the gods as mnemonic devices to remember astronomical events. Taking Mercury out of the mix leaves 15 matching dates in the 135-year search period, he adds.
According to Magnasco, the references imply that Homer chose to set the slaying of the suitors on the day of the eclipse. (He notes that he has "no clue" whether similar events to those described in the Odyssey actually occurred on that day.)
《奧德賽》史詩描述3千年前日蝕現象
http://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/sci.ce.cn/funny/03/200806/26/t20080626_15965644.shtml?hc_location=ufi
據美國國家地理雜誌報道，“太陽在天空中毀滅，邪惡的薄霧蔓延整個世界……”這是荷馬所著古希臘史詩《奧德賽》中的內容，目前科學家宣稱，《奧德賽》準確地紀錄了當時的一次日蝕現象，看來荷馬並未預言世界末日，而是描述了現實世界中所出現的日蝕現象。
在荷馬所著的《奧德賽》中描述了西元前1178年4月16日，當天中午突然出現日蝕，原本的太陽黯然失色。但是由於沒有其他的附加證據，該章節中所描述的日蝕現象被同時期的學者們所嘲笑。目前，科學家觀測了《奧德賽》中這段天文學描述，發現荷馬所描述的與真實日蝕現象發生時間相一致。
物理學家馬塞羅?馬格納斯科稱，荷馬所在章節中所描述的月球狀態和星座及行星的位置與實際情況相符。與馬格納斯科共同完成這項最新研究的合著作者是洛克菲勒大學天文學家康斯坦汀諾?貝庫茲斯。他們使用天文學軟體模擬了希臘天空和晝夜變化，每隔135年出現一次日蝕現象。最終推算顯示西元前1178年4月16日中午出現日蝕，這與《奧德賽》中所描述相一致。
http://www.uux.cn/viewnews-35584.html
荷马在《奥德赛》中描述到：“太阳在苍穹中死亡，而邪恶之雾遍布世界。”根据国家地理杂志的报道，事实上荷马提到的是发生于公元前1178年4月16日的巨大日食。日食对人类造成了一种重大的影响，人们习惯于把它看做是一种厄运来临的象征。比如说，在中国古代人们认为日食是有一条龙正在试着毁灭我们的太阳。
其他轉載與報導:
- http://newswire.rockefeller.edu/2008/06/23/celestial-clues-hint-at-eclipse-in-homers-odyssey/
- http://www.newrepublic.com/blog/the-study/90045/total-eclipse-the-odyssey
- 古希臘文或拉丁文關於日蝕或可能是日蝕的描述: http://hbar.phys.msu.su/gorm/atext/ginzele_.htm?hc_location=ufi
- HOMER’S SECRET ODYSSEY http://www.epicstars.org.uk/?hc_location=u
重新找回Marcelo Magnasco 發表的論文
Is an eclipse described in the Odyssey?
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2008/06/23/0803317105.abstract
Abstract
Plutarch and Heraclitus believed a certain passage in the 20th book of the Odyssey (“Theoclymenus's prophecy”) to be a poetic description of a total solar eclipse. In the late 1920s, Schoch and Neugebauer computed that the solar eclipse of 16 April 1178 B.C.E. was total over the Ionian Islands and was the only suitable eclipse in more than a century to agree with classical estimates of the decade-earlier sack of Troy around 1192–1184 B.C.E. However, much skepticism remains about whether the verses refer to this, or any, eclipse. To contribute to the issue independently of the disputed eclipse reference, we analyze other astronomical references in the Epic, without assuming the existence of an eclipse, and search for dates matching the astronomical phenomena we believe they describe. We use three overt astronomical references in the epic: to Boötes and the Pleiades, Venus, and the New Moon; we supplement them with a conjectural identification of Hermes's trip to Ogygia as relating to the motion of planet Mercury. Performing an exhaustive search of all possible dates in the span 1250–1115 B.C., we looked to match these phenomena in the order and manner that the text describes. In that period, a single date closely matches our references: 16 April 1178 B.C.E. We speculate that these references, plus the disputed eclipse reference, may refer to that specific eclipse.
可以聽聽訪談:
Big Think Interview With Marcelo Magnasco
還有2013年古典學家Peter Painsford的 回應:
Odyssey 20.356-57 and the Eclipse of 1178 BCE: A Response to Baikouzis and Magnasco
http://www.academia.edu/622261/Odyssey_20.356-57_and_the_Eclipse_of_1178_BCE_A_Response_to_Baikouzis_and_Magnasco
回歸閱讀Heubeck的註釋本:
荷馬史詩中的太陽神Helios
回歸閱讀Heubeck的註釋本:
荷馬史詩中的太陽神Helios
