主題: 宮殿與果園
Alcinous’ palace and the nearby orchard
第七卷78-132行仔細描述Alcinous的宮殿與果園,一個富霸一方又神秘的仙境。雅典娜帶Odysseus到Scheria,然後她回Marathon,到雅典城,進入堅固的Erectheus屋宇。
而Odysseus走到Alcinous的宮殿門口,青銅的光輝震攝,似有太陽與明月的璀璨,特別注意,這宮殿兩側矗立青銅牆壁,牆脊(θριγκός, topmost course of stones in a wall,
cornice, coping)則是琺瑯材質(κύανος dark-blue enamel) (Odyssey 7.86-87)。黃金打造大門,青銅門檻,銀質門柱,白銀門楣,還有黃金門環 ((Odyssey 7.88-90),真是超級大豪宅! 這些金屬與材料,價值不斐。
宮門兩側還有神匠Hephaestus用金與銀澆鑄的狗,守衛Alcinous的王宮,也是永恆與不朽的象徵(Odyssey 7.91-94)。
宮內,由門檻開始到裡面,擺設椅子,上面鋪婦女手工製的精緻毯子,Alcinous的首領們常常一起出席宴會(Odyssey 7.95-99)。太富有了,「國宴」都是高檔的。
燈光設備也創意十足。古代沒有電燈,用的是火炬,這王宮裡,用黃金打造「金童」拿火炬(Odyssey 7.100-102),宴會到深夜還可以燈火通明,而且,火光下的黃金反光,應該有特別的效果。
宮殿內五十名女奴,有的把小麥磨成麵粉,有的織布,她們婀娜多姿,詩人還用兩種植物比喻:白楊與橄欖。如楊柳之夜風中舞動,又如橄欖油光亮的滑在河面 (Odyssey 7.103-107)。這裡的男人善於海上航行,多是優秀的船員,婦女手巧,因為雅典娜送給他們這些才華(Odyssey 7.108-111)。我讀到這兒,就發現史詩中傳奇的Phaeacians和古代腓尼基人真是雷同啊。
院外一座大果園,推測約莫四公頃,主要的果樹有:
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梨 (黃梨): ὄγχνη pear-tree, Pirus communis http://homegplant.blogspot.tw/2014/08/33-pear.html
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石榴: ῥοιά or ῥόα pomegranate-tree, Punica
Granatum http://homegplant.blogspot.tw/2014/08/42-pomegranate.html
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蘋果: μηλέα apple-tree, Pyrus malus http://homegplant.blogspot.tw/2014/08/34-apple.html
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無花果: συκέα fig-tree, Ficus Carica http://homegplant.blogspot.tw/2013/11/17-fig.html
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橄欖樹ἐλαία olive-tree, Olea europaea http://homegplant.blogspot.tw/2014/03/26-olive.html
ὅσσον Φαίηκες περὶ πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν
νῆα θοὴν ἐνὶ πόντῳ ἐλαυνέμεν, ὣς δὲ γυναῖκες
ἱστῶν τεχνῆσσαι: πέρι γάρ σφισι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη
ἔργα τ᾽ ἐπίστασθαι περικαλλέα καὶ φρένας ἐσθλάς.
ἔκτοσθεν δ᾽ αὐλῆς μέγας ὄρχατος ἄγχι θυράων
τετράγυος: περὶ δ᾽ ἕρκος ἐλήλαται ἀμφοτέρωθεν.
ἔνθα δὲ δένδρεα μακρὰ πεφύκασι τηλεθόωντα,
ὄγχναι καὶ ῥοιαὶ καὶ μηλέαι ἀγλαόκαρποι
συκέαι τε γλυκεραὶ καὶ ἐλαῖαι τηλεθόωσαι.
τάων οὔ ποτε καρπὸς ἀπόλλυται οὐδ᾽ ἀπολείπει
χείματος οὐδὲ θέρευς, ἐπετήσιος: ἀλλὰ μάλ᾽ αἰεὶ
Ζεφυρίη πνείουσα τὰ μὲν φύει, ἄλλα δὲ πέσσει.
ὄγχνη ἐπ᾽ ὄγχνῃ γηράσκει, μῆλον δ᾽ ἐπὶ μήλῳ,
αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ σταφυλῇ σταφυλή, σῦκον δ᾽ ἐπὶ σύκῳ.
(Odyssey 7.
108-121)
Just as Phaeacian men have more skill than anyone
at sailing a fast ship
across the sea, so their women have great
skill
at working on the loom, for Athena gave them,
above all others, a knowledge of fine handiwork
and keen intelligence. Beyond the courtyard,
but near the door, stands an enormous orchard,
four land measures, with a hedge on either side.
Huge and richly laden trees grow
there—pomegranates,
pears, and apple trees with shining fruit, sweet
figs,
and fertile olive trees. And in this orchard
no fruit gets destroyed or dies in winter time
or during summer. It lasts all year long. West
Wind,
as he blows in, always brings some fruits to life
and ripens others—pear growing above pear,
apple upon apple, grapes in cluster after cluster,
and fig after fig.
下面資料與圖片來源: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheria
Odysseus at the palace of Alcinous. Painting by
Francesco Hayez
下面資料與圖片來源: http://martinlawrence.com/chagall_pages/_lodyssee/_lodyssee_M79112.html
MARC CHAGALL, Ulysses at Alcinous' Palace (M.791),
hand-signed lithograph, 16.75 x 25
inches.
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