主題:榮譽感
Iliad 12. 290-412
攻擊壁壘(attacking the wall)是《伊利亞特》第十二卷不斷重複的主題(motif),而且有類似的結構與描述,這一段Sarpedon和Glaukos的攻擊,幾乎重複前一段的架構:
特洛伊人Asios 攻擊 (Iliad
12. 110-26)
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特洛伊Sarpedon和Glaukos人攻擊 (Iliad
12.290-330)
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希臘人Popupoites和Leonteus拼命抵擋 (Iliad
12. 127-153)
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希臘人和Menestheus和the Aiantes拼命抵擋 (Iliad
12.331-399)
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亂箭或落石紛飛,大雪的比喻 (Iliad
12. 154-161)
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亂箭或落石紛飛,大雪的比喻 (Iliad
12.278-289)
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Asios 承認失敗 (Iliad
12. 162-72)
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Sarpedon和Glaukos 承認失敗 (Iliad
12.400-412)
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這次出場的是宙斯之子Sarpedon,他英勇善戰,打破門閂,勇闖敵營。史詩用幾組比喻,形容他的英勇: 第一組是如獅子撲向牛群;第二組比喻,加強獅子的勇猛,是一隻山中野獅子,而且飢餓多日,撲向羊群,出來捍衛羊群的是牧人和獵犬,但都不抵飢腸轆轆的野獅子的爆發力。Iliad 12. 294-297特別提到 Sarpedon的頓與槍,青銅鍛造的頓,內襯多層牛皮,外圈四周用金子打的鈕釘緊緊密縫。
οὐδ᾽ ἄν πω τότε γε Τρῶες καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ
τείχεος ἐρρήξαντο πύλας καὶ μακρὸν ὀχῆα,
εἰ μὴ ἄρ᾽ υἱὸν ἑὸν Σαρπηδόνα μητίετα Ζεὺς
ὦρσεν ἐπ᾽ Ἀργείοισι λέονθ᾽ ὣς βουσὶν ἕλιξιν.
αὐτίκα δ᾽ ἀσπίδα μὲν πρόσθ᾽ ἔσχετο πάντοσ᾽ ἐΐσην
καλὴν χαλκείην ἐξήλατον, ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς
ἤλασεν, ἔντοσθεν δὲ βοείας ῥάψε θαμειὰς
χρυσείῃς ῥάβδοισι διηνεκέσιν περὶ κύκλον.
τὴν ἄρ᾽ ὅ γε πρόσθε σχόμενος δύο δοῦρε τινάσσων
βῆ ῥ᾽ ἴμεν ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος, ὅς τ᾽ ἐπιδευὴς
δηρὸν ἔῃ κρειῶν, κέλεται δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ
μήλων πειρήσοντα καὶ ἐς πυκινὸν δόμον ἐλθεῖν:
εἴ περ γάρ χ᾽ εὕρῃσι παρ᾽ αὐτόφι βώτορας ἄνδρας
σὺν κυσὶ καὶ δούρεσσι φυλάσσοντας περὶ μῆλα,
οὔ ῥά τ᾽ ἀπείρητος μέμονε σταθμοῖο δίεσθαι,
ἀλλ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἢ ἥρπαξε μετάλμενος, ἠὲ καὶ αὐτὸς
ἔβλητ᾽ ἐν πρώτοισι θοῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἄκοντι:
ὥς ῥα τότ᾽ ἀντίθεον Σαρπηδόνα θυμὸς ἀνῆκε
τεῖχος ἐπαΐξαι διά τε ῥήξασθαι ἐπάλξεις.
(Iliad 12. 290-308)
At that point, glorious Hector and the Trojans
would not have crashed the gates or long bolts in the wall,
if Counsellor Zeus had not stirred
his son Sarpedon
against Achaeans, like a lion going
at short-horn cattle.
Sarpedon held his round shield in front of him,
forged by a smith of beautifully
hammered bronze,
the inside formed of leather
stitched in layers,
held in place with golden wires
encircling the rim.
Holding this shield before him,
brandishing two spears,
he hurried forward like a mountain
lion
long ravenous for meat, whose bold
spirit pushes him
to go even into the protected sheep
fold
to attack the flock, and even if he
comes across
herdsmen with dogs and spears
guarding sheep inside,
he won’t leave that fold without
making an attempt,
so he springs on one, seizes it, or
is hit himself
in the first rush, by a spear from
some swift hand—
that’s how godlike Sarpedon’s spirit drove him then
to assault the wall, break down the
parapets.
不過,英勇的Sarpedon還是被擊倒了,即使擊敗,心中仍存有榮譽感 (κῦδος, glory, renown),要他的戰袍,發揮Lycian的精神,繼續奮力向前衝 (Iliad 12. 406-412)。
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