Bk XX:345-394 Theoclymenus’ vision
本卷最後一小段,我認為主題是: 笑(laugh)。風雨欲來,但,狂妄無知的人,仍沒察覺,繼續狂歡,嘻笑怒罵。這群求婚者,看似忘了遵守作客之道,但最大的問題是,太自滿,輕視他人,失去生活中應有的優雅,也引來殺生之禍。
ὣς φάτο Τηλέμαχος: μνηστῆρσι δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη
ἄσβεστον γέλω
ὦρσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ νόημα.
οἱ δ᾽ ἤδη γναθμοῖσι γελοίων ἀλλοτρίοισιν,
αἱμοφόρυκτα δὲ δὴ κρέα ἤσθιον: ὄσσε δ᾽ ἄρα σφέων
δακρυόφιν πίμπλαντο, γόον δ᾽ ὠΐετο θυμός.
(Odyssey 20. 345-350)
Once Telemachus had spoken, Pallas Athena
roused them all to laugh with no sense of
control.
She unhinged their minds, so laughter from their mouths
came from an alien source, and the meat they ate
became blood-spattered. Their eyes filled
up with tears.
Their hearts were crammed with thoughts of lamentation.
γέλως laughter/ γελάω laugh在最後五十行出現五次以上,似乎是雅典娜的主意,讓他們笑,狂笑,猛笑,笑瘋,笑到想哭,笑到無法控制,笑到內心塞滿憂傷。
口裡含著還帶血的肉,這樣大力笑,是不是笑到噴血?
此時,Theoclymenus再一次重申預言,但是是直接對笑瘋的求婚者說;
ἆ δειλοί, τί κακὸν τόδε πάσχετε; νυκτὶ μὲν ὑμέων
εἰλύαται κεφαλαί τε πρόσωπά τε νέρθε τε γοῦνα.
οἰμωγὴ δὲ δέδηε, δεδάκρυνται δὲ παρειαί,
αἵματι δ᾽ ἐρράδαται τοῖχοι καλαί τε μεσόδμαι:
εἰδώλων δὲ πλέον πρόθυρον, πλείη δὲ καὶ αὐλή,
ἱεμένων Ἔρεβόσδε ὑπὸ ζόφον: ἠέλιος δὲ
οὐρανοῦ ἐξαπόλωλε, κακὴ δ᾽ ἐπιδέδρομεν ἀχλύς.
(Odyssey 20. 352-357)
“O you miserable men, what troubles
are you suffering now? Your heads, your faces,
your lower limbs are shrouded in the night.
You’re on fire with grief, faces wet with tears,
fine pedestals and walls have gobs of blood,
the porch is full of ghosts, so is the yard—
ghosts rushing in the dark to Erebus.
Up in the sky the sun has disappeared—
an evil mist is covering everything.
Erebos, 黑暗之地,地上通往冥府之路,也就是通向死亡的途徑。當人太自以為是的時候,外在的警告已然無效。這群追求者,不但不聽警告,還要驅逐Theoclymenus,他已盡責規勸大家,就向Telemachus 告別,離開。
圖片資料出處: http://www.verniana.org/volumes/02/HTML/Huet.html
Figure 1 - “The Terror and the Erebus in the Antarctic,” by John Wilson Carmichael, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK.
圖片資料出處: http://www.verniana.org/volumes/02/HTML/Huet.html
Figure 1 - “The Terror and the Erebus in the Antarctic,” by John Wilson Carmichael, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK.
再一次,嘲笑,笑Telemachus收留沒用的乞丐,收留說廢話的預言家,還不如把他們送去Σικελοὺς,還可以增加收入。還創一個詞: κακόξενος unfortunate in guests,應該是說,Telemachus有這些客人,真是可憐。真的,不過指的是這群求婚找者。Σικελοὺς,Sicily,古代西西里島。
其實,嘲笑對手的人,已經輸一半了。Telemachus根本不理會,靜靜地與父親相看一眼。
Penelope出場,本卷結束。
下面圖片出處:
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romeancientrome/ig/Maps-of-Rome-and-the-Empire/Sicily-Map.htm