2014年7月12日 星期六

Bk XXI:245-310 Odysseus seeks to try the bow


Eurymachus也是連弓都拉不開,覺得很丟臉,他說一句有趣的話:
ἀλλ᾽ εἰ δὴ τοσσόνδε βίης ἐπιδευέες εἰμὲν
ἀντιθέου Ὀδυσῆος, ὅ τ᾽ οὐ δυνάμεσθα τανύσσαι
τόξον: ἐλεγχείη δὲ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι.
(Odyssey 21. 253-255)

But if we are so weak compared to godlike Odysseus
that we can’t string his bow, it’s a disgrace
which men will learn about in years to come.
詩人也知道一件事,寫在史詩的褒貶將傳承千年萬年,這群追求者輸的不只是一次比賽, 而是日後的名聲。
   Antinous提議,這是一次神聖的節慶( the holy feast),應該酹酒祭 Apollo (Odyssey 21. 256-284)。這時還假扮老乞丐的Odysseus,在一旁附議,特別是贊成把事情交給神明決定,所以且讓他也試一試。(Odyssey 21. 269-284) 
   顯然,老乞丐這一提議引起反彈,Antinous駁斥,還引用神話故事中Eurytion喝酒鬧事的故事,要眼前這位老乞丐不要發酒瘋:
οἶνος καὶ Κένταυρον, ἀγακλυτὸν Εὐρυτίωνα,
ἄασ᾽ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ μεγαθύμου Πειριθόοιο,
ἐς Λαπίθας ἐλθόνθ᾽: ὁ δ᾽ ἐπεὶ φρένας ἄασεν οἴνῳ,
μαινόμενος κάκ᾽ ἔρεξε δόμον κάτα Πειριθόοιο:
ἥρωας δ᾽ ἄχος εἷλε, διὲκ προθύρου δὲ θύραζε
ἕλκον ἀναΐξαντες, ἀπ᾽ οὔατα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ
ῥῖνάς τ᾽ ἀμήσαντες: ὁ δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀασθεὶς
ἤϊεν ἣν ἄτην ὀχέων ἀεσίφρονι θυμῷ.
ἐξ οὗ Κενταύροισι καὶ ἀνδράσι νεῖκος ἐτύχθη,
οἷ δ᾽ αὐτῷ πρώτῳ κακὸν εὕρετο οἰνοβαρείων.
(Odyssey 21. 295-304)

The wine, so honey sweet,
has injured you, as it harms other men,
when they gulp it down and drink too much.  
Wine befuddled even great Eurytion,
the centaur, in brave Perithous’ house,
when he’d gone to the Lapiths. Afterwards,
when his heart went blind from drinking wine,
in a mad fit he committed evil acts
in Perithous’ home. Grief seized the heroes.
They jumped up and hauled him out of doors,
through the gate, then cut off his ears and nose
with pitiless bronze. His wits were reckless,
and he went on his way, bearing madness 
in his foolish heart. And that’s the reason
the fight between centaurs and men began.
 希臘神話故事中Eurytion可能有不同的出處。這個喝酒沒節制的故事,說明古代人應該有不少酗酒問題,所以這類故事提醒人要節制。但是,由Antinous這個常常在Odysseus家喝酒鬧事的人說出此故事,顯得格外諷刺。

資料來源: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurytion
In Greek mythology Eurytion (or, alternatively, Eurythion; Greek: Εὐρυτίων, gen.: Εὐρυτίωνος), "widely honoured", was a name attributed to six individuals.
l  The king of Phthia, son of either Actor, or of Ctimenus (Κτίμενος), or of Irus and Demonassa, or of Kenethos and Cerion, and father of Antigone. He is counted among the Argonauts and the Calydonian hunters. In Phthia, Peleus was purified by Eurytion for the murder of Phocus and married Antigone, Eurytion's daughter. Peleus accidentally killed Eurytion during the hunt for the Calydonian Boar and fled from Phthia to Iolcus, where he was purified by Acastus.
l  A Centaur of Arcadia who demanded to marry the daughter of Dexamenus of Olenus, either Mnesimache or Deianira, or who threatened violence against his daughter Hippolyte on the day of her marriage to Azan. Her father was forced to agree, but Heracles intervened on her behalf and killed the wild horse-man.
l  Another Centaur, of Thessaly, who attempted to carry off the bride of Peirithous, king of the Lapiths, on their wedding day. He and his fellows were killed in the fight with the Lapiths that followed, the Centauromachy. Ovid refers to him as "Eurytus", and by his Latinized Greek name "Eurytion".
l  Son of Ares and the Hesperid Erytheia, who bore him "beside the silver-rooted boundless waters of the river Tartessus, in the hollow of a rock," according to a Strabo's quote from a lost poem of Stesichoros. He, and the two-headed dog Orthrus, were the guardians of the cattle of Geryon and were killed by Heracles.
l  This Eurytion was also used as a character in the Percy Jackson book The Battle of the Labyrinth.
l  A Trojan archer during the Trojan War, son of Lycaon and brother of Pandarus. He participated in the funeral games of Anchises.
l  A defender of Thebes against the Seven, was killed by Parthenopaeus.


沒有留言:

張貼留言